Qaylo Dhaan, Khatar-ta ku duugan Kawaanda Maraakiibta Qalo, ee lagu wado in laga dhiso Berbera
Hordhac
Qoraalkan koobani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay war dhawaan ka soo baxay Maareeyaha Dekedaha Somaliland, kaasoo uu kaga waramay wafuud ka socoda shirkado reer Yurub ah (Belgium and Netherlands), kuwaasoo naawilaaya sidii ay xeebta Berbera uga dhisin-lahaayeen maraakiibta lagu dayac tiro (Dry Dock). Hadba qoraalkan waxaan ku cadaynaynaa in shaqada dhabta ah ee shirkadahani aanay ahayn sida Maareeyuhu sheegay balse ay yihiin sidii mandiqada ay uga dhisan lahaayeen Kawaano maraakiibta gaboobday lagu Qallo ama lagu furfuro (End-of-life ships Terminal). Sidaa darteed waxaanu rabaa inaanu qoraalkan kusoo gudbiyo “Qaylo Dhaan” ku saabsan khatarta ku duugan mashruuca Kawaanka Qaliinka maraakiibta gaboobday iyo dhibka ay keeni karaan.
Qoraalkan waxaan ku iftiimin doonaa dhawr qodob sida;
1. Muxuu yahay mashruucuni?
2. Maxay Berbera, Somaliland u doorteen?
3. Muxuu Faa’iido u keeni karaa Somaliland?
4. Muxuu Khasaare u keeni karaa Somaliland?
5. Muxuu Xalku noqon karaa?
1. Muxuu yahay mashruucani
Mashruucan waxa luqada English-ka lugu yidhaa “shipbreaking activity”, dhulka laga dhisona waxa layidhaa “shipbreaking yards ama Terminal”. Mashruucan shaqadiisa uga wayni (main task) waxay weeye in lagu Qallo ama furfuro maraakiibta gabowday ee wakhtigii ay shaqayn lahaayeen dhamaaday (End-of-life ships). Balse dayac tirka maraakiibtu ma ah muhiimada koobaad ee shirkadahani rabaan. Waayo mihnad ama shaqoda dayactirku maraakiibtu waxay u baahan tahay qalab casri-ah kasoo wadamada reer galbeedku sinaba ugu ogolaan karin inay siiyaan wadamada 3rd world countries. Halkaa waxaa ku cad in aynaan fahmin ujeedad dhabta ah ee shirkdahani wadaan, balse marka lagu macneeyey luqada Af Somaaliga weedha “Shipbreaking yard” loo turjuntay dayac-tiridka maraakiibta xumaata oo keliya.
2. Maxay Berbera ku doorteen
Doorashada ay Berbera ama Somaliland doorteen in laga dhiso marshquucan ayaa cadayn u ah shaqada dhabta ah ee mashruucani inay tahay mid aan laga ogolayn wadamado badan, gaar ahaan wadamada Reer Galbeedka. Waayo Yurub iyo Marayka uma baahna inay kadhisaan xarun maraakiibtooda lagu dayac tiro dal shisheeye, laakiin way adag tahay wadamada reer galbeedka in laga dhiso Kaamaanada markabkiibta lagu Qaalo (furfuro), baqo laga qabo khatar ku timaada nolosha dadka (gaar ahaan shaqeelah) iyo deegaan, waayo waxaa jira sharciyo ama xeerar ay dejisteen oo ku khasbaysa, shirkaduhu qaadayaan masuuliyada dhib ka yimaada shaqadooda bixiyaana mag-dhow u qalma.
Sidaa darteed shirkadahii lahaa Kawaanada markiibta lagu qallo / furfuro waxay u wareegeen wadamada loo yaqaan 3rd world countries, sida China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh iyo Turkey kuwaas oon lahay ama aanu adkayn sharciyadooda iyo xeerarkooda ilaaliya dadka iyo
Khatarta Kaawaanda Maraakiibta Lagu Qallo Page 1
deegaanka, haystana shaqaale jaban, dhul baaxad wayn, cashuur yar iyo khayraadkii kale sida biyo (water) iyo laydh (electricity) jaban.
Hadaba dhawaan waxaa soo kordhaayey sharciyada iyo xeerka ku saabsan xakamaynta Kawaanada lagu qallo maraakiibta (e.g. UN ’s I nter nat ional Marine Organization – Hong Kong Convention (HKC), in 2009), European Ship Recycling Regulation 2013), iyo the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, Technical guidelines on the environmentally sound management of the full and partial dismantling of ships (adopted by COP.6, Dec 2002)) kuwaas oo ku khasbay shirkadaha maraakiibta lehi in-ay bixiyaan magdhow dadka iyo deegaanada waxyeeladu ka soo gaadho Qaliinka ama furfurista markabkiibtu. Shuruucdan oo ay saxeexeen wadamo badani ayaa keentay in wadamada China, India iyo Pakistan ay joojiyaan ama dhimaan shaqadii qalista ama furfurida maraakiibat. Taasi oo maanta sababtay in shirkada hii Yurub raadsadaan wadamo cusub oo lagu fulin karo shaqadan sidaas ayayna ku timid Somalilandna arinteedu. Su’aashu waxay tahay, shirkadahani ma dilaaliinbaa (privet) mise waxa ay metelaan dawaladaha alsheegay (GD). Midaasna waxa la ogaan doonaa marka la arko calamada maraakiibta aykeenayaan iyo cida ay ka diiwaan gashan yihiin e.g. Yurub iyo mise waa wadano kale.
3. Muxuu Khasaare keeni Karaa Khasaaraha ama khatarta Kawaanka maraakiibta lagu Qallaa ama lagu Furfuraa, waaxaa inoo cadaynaya in Kawaanadan maraakiibta maanta laga diiday wadamo badan oo aduunka ah. Waayo waxa ku jira sun badan oo khatar gelinaysanolosha dadka iyo deegaanka-ba, hadan soo kobo khataraha wax kamida; Qaraxa (explosion), Sumaynta Bada iyo xayaanka ku nool, Sumaynta shaqaalah iyo dadka deegaanka, Sumaynta deegaanka bariga, Sumaynta Biyaha dhulka, Sumaynta ciida, Sumaynta hawada…iwm.
a. Asbestos
Maadadan waxa lagu dhisaa qolka mishiinka markabku ku rakiban yahay waayo waxay adkaysi u leedahay dabka (fire proof). Asbestos wuxuu kharat geliyaa caafimaadka shaqaalaha marka markaba la qalaayo ama la furfuraayo. Maadada Asbestos ku waxay ka kooban tahay walxo aad u yaryar una samaysan sida xaasow ama waayira dhuudhuuban un samaysan sida timha adag ee duuduubama, maadadani waxay si fudud u raacdaa hawada, si toos ahna waxay u degtaa Sanbabada dadka ama xayawaanka halkaas oo ay sababto Kansarka ku dhaca Sanbabada mana laha wax dawo ah. Maadadani marka ay hawada ku jirto waa mid aan midab lahayn sidaa darteed waa il maqabatay.
Khatarta Kaawaanda Maraakiibta Lagu Qallo Page 2
b. Heavy metals
Biraha ama macadanaha culusi waxay kamidyihiin walxaha loo isticmaalo dhisitaanka maraakiibta waxaanay u baahan yihiin in si adag oo nidaamsan loo farsameeyo marka markabka la Qalaayo ama la furfuraayo. Tusaale ahaan macadanta loo yaqaan Mercury gu waxay wax yeelo ba’an u gaysataa xubnaha dareenka nervous system. Hadaad rabtid inaad ogaato dhibka Mercury-gaysto dadka iyo deegaanka ugaysto Google garee ama baadh taariikhda magaalda layidhaahdo «Minamata Bay ama Minamata disease” waxad ariki doontaa waxyeeladii Mercury-gu u gaystay dadkii deegaankaas ku noolaa oo dhamaan qaaday xanuunka loo yaqaan « neurological syndrome» oo Soomaalidu u taqaan gariirto, dadka xanuunkan qaba ma awoodaan hadalka sifiican, gacmahooda ma istic maali karaan sifiican, ma socon karaan sifiican…iwm
Sidoo kale macdanta loo yaqaan « Lead » waa macdan sun ah. Maadadani waxay sababtaa inuu qofku qaado xanuuno aan dawo lahayn, sida; learning difficulties, mental retardation, and delayed neurological and physical development. Lead poisoning waxay sidoo kale wax yeeshaa Dareenada ( the nervous system) iyo maqalka , araga iyo wada shaqaynta curuqyada.
c. Mineral oil
Maadadani waxay wax yeeshaa shaqaalhu haday ku neef-sadaan toxic oil, sidoo kale deegaanka bada ayay wax-yeelaysaa iyo qofkasta oo cuna kaluun laga keenay meelaha u dhow Kawaanka. Qiiqa ama uumiga saliidani wuxuu sidoo kale sababaa qaraxyo dhaca marka shaqada googoynta markabku isticmaalaan laxaamada/weldinka lagu gudio jiro biraha waana meesha ee shaqaaluhu ku dhintaan ama ku dhaacmaan.
d. Bilge water
Bilge water, waa biyo wasakhaysan oo ku urrura markabka guntiisa. Waxay isgu jiraan saliid, inorganic salts, arsenic, copper, chromium, lead and mercury. Biyahan hadii si toos ah loogu qubo bada waxay sababaan cudu ku dhaca bada iyo xayawaanka ku nool, midkaas oo usoo gudba dadka cuna kaluunka (xaga sare ayaan ku sheegnay wixii ku dhacay Minamata Bay).
e. Ballast water
Ballast water, biyahani waa biyaha markabku lagu shubo si loo dheelitiro oonu u qalibmin. Biyahan waaxa ka buuxu cayayaan loo yaqaan invasive luwada soomaaligana lagu yidhaahdo Garn waa Badeed. Garanwaa Badeedku wspecies waxa uu dilaa uurku jirta bada midaas oo kaluunku cuni jiray, taas oo sababta in kaluunku qaxo kadib markay abaari ku dhacdo badii ay deganaayeen. Midani waxay sabab taa in kaluumaysatadii itaalka aan awooda iyo qalab badan haysani bada hore u sii gasho si ay u helaan kaluun ku filan.
f. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Khatarta Kaawaanda Maraakiibta Lagu Qallo Page 3
Ilaa 30 ka mida PAHs (250 nooc ee PAHs) iyo dhawor boqol aa ah maadooyinka iyada ka sii abuurma ayaa la og yahay in ay sababaan cuduska Kansarka (classed as carcinogenic. Workers) ee kudhaca dadka shaqaalaha,
g. Organotins
Maadad loo yaqaano Tributyltin (TBT) waa « an aggressive biocide », oo macnaheedu yahay waxay dishaa wixii nool. Maraakiibta ayaa isticmaasha is ay ugu laayaan cayayaanka daxalkana uga ilaaliso. Maadad wax loo aqoon san yahay inay tahay mid ka mida maadooyinka ugu khatar badan ee maraakiibtu isic maasho marga laga eego dhibka ay ugaysan karto dadka iyo deegaanka..
4. Muxuu Faa’iido keeni karaa
Mashruucan waxa ku shuraakoowbaya ugu yaraan todoba (7) qollo, faa’iidadu waxay raacdaa
sadex 3 qollo halka khasaaruhu raaco afarta (4) soo hadhay.
Todobada (7) qollo ee mashruuca ku shuraakooba waxay kala yihiin sida hoos ku qoran;
1. Shirkada Markabka leh
2. Cidii ka iibsatay
3. Dilaalka fadhiya wadanka Markabka lagu qalaayo
4. Shaqaalah
5. Dedka degan magaaladaas
6. Dawada iyo
7. Deegaanka
Markuu markabku gaadho End-of-life time, shirkadii lahayd waxay ka iibisaa shirkadaha maraakiibata qala. Inta badan shirkdaha maraakiibta qallayaa waa shirkado reer yurub ah laakiin ma haystaan meel lagu qallo maraakiibta (Kawaano). Sidaa darteed markay shirkada Qaliinku iib sato markabka waxay raadiyaa wadankii ay ku qali lahayd iyadoo eegaaya dhawor
Khatarta Kaawaanda Maraakiibta Lagu Qallo Page 4
qodob oo ay ugu muhuumsan sadexda qodob ee hoos ku qoran. Shirkada qaliinku waxay isticmaalaaya dilaalo u dhashay wadamada lagu qalaay kuwaasoo keena ogolaasha dawlada inay shaqadaas ku qabtaan wadanka, waxaan bixiyaan cashuurtii waajibka ahayd;
1. Wadanku waa in aanu lahayn sharci Deegaan iyo mid khuseeya badbaadad Shaqaalah
2. Wadanku waa inuu yeeshaa Shaqaale Jaban
3. Wadanku waa inuu yeeshaa Biyo iyo Laydh (water and electricity)
Faa’iidadu waxay raacdaa shirkadii markab iibisay oo aan khasaarin badanaaba, shirkadii markabka soo iibsatay ee Qalalaysay taasoo lihi dooratay meel aan sharci (deegaan iyo xuuqda shaqaalaga) lahayn, si aan magdhow iyo xuqqu kale toona loo waydiin hadii dhibaato timaado, shaqaalehuna jaban yihiin, lehna biyo iyo laydh jaban, sidoo kale shirkadani waxay sii iibisaa birihii la furfuray (scrap metals) oo ay ka faa’iidaa. Waxa sidoo kale faa’iida dilaalka wadaniga ah, kasoo soo keenay ogolaashiiyah dawlada, dhulkii Kawaanka iyo shaqaalihii jabnaa. Khasaaraha ama dhibka wayne ee mashruucu wuxuu ku dhacaa Shaqaalaha, Deegaanka, Bulsha meesha degan iyo Dawladooda waa hadii aan si fiican loo maarayn mashruuca.
5. Muxuu Xalku Noqon Karaa
Sidaan kor ku xusay, waxaanu aamin sanahay in aanu mashruucu ahayn sida loo sheegay e.g. meel lagu dayac tiraayo maraakiibta, balse sidaanu ka waranay uu yahay mid lagu dhisaayo Kawaan maraakiibta lagu qalo. Hadaba markaanu dersay arinta, akhiyeyna dhibaatooyinka soo gaadhay wadamo badan (e.g. India, China, Turkey, Pakistan iyo Bangladesh) oo Kawaanad ka shaqayn jireen waxaanu waxaan xal u argnaa in aaanay Somaliland Gelin heshiiskan. Ilaa ay cadaanayso
Shaqada dhabta ah ee mashruuca (e.g. ma Kawaan baa mise waa repairing iyo maintenance
Platform).
Shikadahu ma maraakiib bay leeyihiin mise maraakiibta gaboobday ayay soo iib sadaan si ay u qalaan.
Shirkaduhu ma dawlibaa mise waa private.
Waa kuma dilaalkooda ama agent kooda fadhiya Somaliland.
Hadii ay cadaato in mashruucu yahay repairing and maintenance waxa loo baahan yahay in la dejiyo qawaaniintii hagi lahayd shaqooyinka noocan ah iyadoo lageegaayo qawaaniinta caalamiga ah (deegaanka iyo shaqaalaha).
Hadii ay cadaato in mashruucu yahay Kawaan maraakiibta lagu qallo waan in aanay Somaliland ogolaan waayo caalamka lama ogo in Maraakiibta lagu qalo meel aan ahayn wadaka laga
leeyahay (bal xaga hoose ka eeg waxa ku dhacay shirkadahii netherlands ka ahaa).
In la sameeyo daraasoon ku qotoma cilmi oo ku aadan meesha laga dhisaayo, sida loo dhisaayo, deekan bada, ka beriga, dadka meesha degan, dhinaca hawadu u dhacayso iyo danka magaaladu ka xigto, ciida meesha si hadii hadhow u xumaato loo waydiiyo shirkada mag dhow ku haboon.
Khatarta Kaawaanda Maraakiibta Lagu Qallo Page 5
Sida kor ku xusan shirkadihii naawilaayey inay berbera ka furtaan Kawaanka maraakiibta lagu qalo waxay ahaayeen shirkado laga leeyahay Netherlands. Balhadaba nala eeg waxay shirkadu sameeyeen
Dutch shippers sentenced for having ships demolished on Indian beach
Shirkad Dutch ah ayaa maxkamadu xukun ku riday kadib markii la ogaaday inay Inda maraakiib geyso kuna Qasho
AMSTERDAM, March 15 (Reuters) – The Dutch shipping company Seatrade and two of its directors were found guilty by a Dutch court on Thursday of illegally sailing ships to India to have them demolished, the first criminal case of its kind in the Netherlands.
The company and the directors were fined up to
750,000 euros ($925,275). The directors were also banned from executive roles at any shipping company for a year. They did escape the prison sentences prosecutors had asked for.
The court said Seatrade had violated European Union rules by sending four ships to India for demolition in
2012. The ships ultimately ended up on beaches in India, Bangladesh and Turkey, where their dismantling polluted the environment and endangered the lives of the workers involved.
Rules adopted by the EU in 2013 mandate that ships registered in the EU must be recycled through approved facilities. But the rules contain loopholes, and the South Asian yards continue to dismantle old ships.
Seatrade kabeniga layidhaa iyo laba nin oo madax ka ah ayaa waxa ku cadaaday danbiga ah ionay maraakiibta india geeyaan kuna Qalaa. Wuxuu ahaa denbigii ugu horeeyay ee noocan ah ee ka dhaca Netherlands ka.
Waxaa la ganaaxay lag dhan 750,000 euros oo u dhiganta $925,275 dollar. sidoo kale labdii
nin ee madaxda ahaa ayaa sanad shaqo joojin lagu sameeyey. Lakiin waxay ka badbaadeen xadhig.
Maxkamadu waxay sheegtay in shirkadu jebisay sharcigii yurub u yaalay, kadib markay
4 markab u dirtay India sanadkii 2012 kii. Markaakiibtaasi waxay ku danbeeyey xeebaha India, Bangladhish iyo Turkiga, halkaas oo lagu qalay dhaawacna ugaysteen deegaankii iyo nafihii shaqaalaha.
Sharciga yurub ee soo baxay 2013 ayaa dhigaya inmaraakiibta lagu qalikaro uun marshado loogu talo galay. Laakiin waxay sheegeen in sharcigaas daldaloolo leeyahay.
Khatarta Kaawaanda Maraakiibta Lagu Qallo Page 6
References
1. Guidelines for the development of the Inventory of Hazardous Materials: Adopted in July
2011
2. Guidelines for survey and certification: Adopted in October 2012
3. Guidelines for inspection of ships: Adopted in October 2012
4. Guidelines for the authorization of Ship Recycling Facilities: Adopted in March 2012
5. Guidelines for safe and environmentally sound ship recycling: Adopted in March 2012
6. Guidelines for the development of the Ship Recycling Plan: Adopted in July 2011
7. In 2004, the 289th session of the Governing Body of the International Labour Organization adopted a set of guidelines entitled “Safety and health in shipbreaking: Guidelines for Asian countries and Turkey”. These guidelines are designed to assist shipbreakers and competent authorities to implement the relevant provisions of ILO standards, codes of practice and other guidelines on occupational safety and health and working conditions. The Guidelines are also available from the ILO in Bengali, Chinese, Hindi, Turkish and Urdu.
8. IMO International Marine Organization
9. In 2002, the Basel Convention Technical Guidelines for the Environmentally Sound
Management (ESM) of the Full and Partial Dismantling of Ships ,
10. The Wire Nest…Life In Mumbai’s Ship-Breaking Yards’ is a documentary
(http://www.shipbreakingplatform.org/video-the-wire-nest-life-in-mumbais-shipbreaking- yards/)
Khatarta Kaawaanda Maraakiibta Lagu Qallo Page 7
